FSH is a pituitary hormone essential for reproductive health. In women, it stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles, leading to egg development and estrogen production. In men, it regulates spermatogenesis by acting on Sertoli cells in the testes. Abnormal levels can indicate infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or pituitary dysfunction.

LH is another pituitary hormone that works closely with FSH to regulate the reproductive system. In women, a surge in LH triggers ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. In men, LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone. Imbalances may signal infertility, delayed puberty, or hormonal disorders.

Estradiol is the most potent form of estrogen, primarily produced by the ovaries. It regulates the menstrual cycle, stimulates endometrial growth, and influences secondary sexual characteristics. Estradiol also plays vital roles in bone density, cardiovascular health, and mood regulation. Abnormal levels can be linked to infertility, menopause symptoms, or endocrine disorders.